A Landscape Guide in Environmental Education     

《The Journal of geography》2012,111(2):69-77

Abstract

The interpretation of landscapes is an important way to learn about geography in environmental education. A Landscape Guide to the Bachelor Reserve applies geographic/historical and biological/ecological perspectives to the interpretation of ten landscape scenes along a three-mile walking tour. For each scene, the guide describes the environmental setting, the composition and structure of the vegetation, and the history of human influences. Questionnaire and field assessments document a well-received interpretive tool, and the need to guide participants across land transitions and interpret land use history clearly. Landscape guides can be used in school/community land labs and contribute to holistic learning and multidisci-plinary exercises in formal and informal environmental education programs.  相似文献   

The Tornado Hazard In Southern New England: History,Characteristics, Student And Teacher Perceptions     

《The Journal of geography》2012,111(6):258-266

Abstract

People generally do not perceive New England to be tornado-prone. Yet, there is a long history of such storms in the six states going back to the late seventeenth century. Usually, New England tornadoes are small and short-lived; even so, some have caused many deaths and much property damage. There is a greater probability for a person to be affected by a tornado in southern New England than in much of the American Midwest. As building and population density increases, so does the hazard potential. Data from awareness surveys indicate that the lack of tornado knowledge remains a serious problem for teachers, students, and the public, and government information about such storms is not being widely disseminated.  相似文献   

CLUE-S模型应用进展与改进研究   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

吴健生  冯喆  高阳  黄秀兰  刘洪萌  黄力 《地理科学进展》2012,31(1):3-10

土地利用变化是景观生态学重要的研究领域,通过模型模拟土地利用变化趋势是该领域的主要研究内容之一。CLUE-S模型可以全面考虑自然和人文因子,通过迭代方法综合空间分析和非空间分析,较好地模拟小尺度范围内土地利用变化情景,具有综合性、开放性、空间性、竞争效率性等特点,已经在国内外多个地区的土地利用变化研究中得到广泛应用,形...  相似文献   

中国区域土地利用/覆被变化对陆地碳收支的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

付超  于贵瑞  方华军  王秋凤 《地理科学进展》2012,31(1):88-96

准确估计土地利用/覆被变化（LUCC）对陆地生态系统碳收支的影响已成为当前全球变化和全球碳循环研究的重点内容。本文通过文献调研和数据的整合分析方法总结讨论了近年来中国区域LUCC时空特征及其对陆地碳收支影响,为合理评价中国区域陆地碳平衡以及确定未来研究发展方向提供参考。已有大量研究对近年来中国区域LUCC主要特征进行了探讨,并分别利用卫星遥感方法和IPCC清单法对中国区域陆地碳源汇影响进行了评估。结果表明,目前全国土地利用活动,特别是农林活动正对陆地生态系统碳收支产生了比较显著的积极作用,但基于以上两种方法的研究结论之间差异很大,反映出中国LUCC导致陆地碳收支变化的评估结果仍存在着较大的不确定性。通过分析认为,中国未来的研究工作应着重于发展和利用基于土地利用相互转化面积的计量方法,以提高对中国区域LUCC导致陆地碳收支变化评估的准确性。  相似文献   

镇江圌山绍隆禅寺“活地”成因     

蒋明镜  刘静德  肖俞  胡海军  武晓光  汤菲 《山地学报》2012,(1):93-98

"活地"是宗教的传奇,而由于以往知识与技术的限制以及宗教圣地的"不可侵犯性","活地"也成了大自然的千年未解之谜。通过现场考察和资料调研,明晰了"活地"所在地区的地质构造特征。采用高频率表面波监测、分析技术,通过现场试验,研究了"活地"附近地表浅层岩土体分布情况。采用图像分析技术,经室内试验研究得出了"活地"及周围地区出露岩石的矿物组成。最终,对于"活地"的成因提出以下看法:1.否定了地下深层生长性岩脉诱发"活地"现象的观点;2.膨胀岩及膨胀土吸水膨胀对"活地"的隆升有一定作用,但这不是"活地"的主要诱因;3.提出"活地"是岩石风化作用及特殊地理环境综合作用结果的观点:风化作用使岩体疏松、体积增大,地面隆起;两侧山体运动对其交界处岩石产生挤压作用,为"活地"的持续隆升提供动力源。  相似文献   

北宋中期耕地面积及其空间分布格局重建(英文)   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

何凡能  李士成  张学珍 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(2):359-370

To understand historical human-induced land cover change and its climatic effects, it is necessary to create historical land use datasets with explicit spatial information. Using the taxes-cropland area and number of families compiled from historical documents, we esti-mated the real cropland area and populations within each Lu (a province-level political region in the Northern Song Dynasty) in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty (AD1004-1085). The es-timations were accomplished through analyzing the contemporary policies of tax, population and agricultural development. Then, we converted the political region-based cropland area to geographically explicit grid cell-based fractional cropland at the cell size of 60 km by 60 km. The conversion was based on calculating cultivation suitability of each grid cell using the topographic slope, altitude and population density as the independent variables. As a result, the total area of cropland within the Northern Song territory in the 1070s was estimated to be about 720 million mu (Chinese area unit, 1 mu = 666.7 m2), of which 40.1% and 59.9% oc-curred in the north and south respectively. The population was estimated to be about 87.2 million, of which 38.7% and 61.3% were in the north and south respectively, and per capita cropland area was about 8.2 mu. The national mean reclamation ratio (i.e. ratio of cropland area to total land area; RRA hereafter for short) was bout 16.6%. The plain areas, such as the North China Plain, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Guanzhong Plain, plains surrounding the Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake and Sichuan Basin, had a higher RRA, being mostly over 40%; while the hilly and mountainous areas, such as south of Nanling Mountains, the southwest regions (excluding the Chengdu Plain), Loess Plateau and south-east coastal regions, had a lower RRA, being less than 20%. Moreover, RRA varied with topographic slope and altitude. In the areas of low altitude (≤250 m), middle altitude (250-100 m) and high altitude (1000-3500 m), there were 443 million, 215 million and 64 million mu of cropland respectively and their regional mean RRAs were 27.5%, 12.6% and 7.2% respectively. In the areas of flat slope, gentle slope, medium slope and steep slope, there were 116 million, 456 million, 144 million and 2 million mu of cropland respectively and their regional mean RRAs were 34.6%, 20.7%, 8.5% and 2.3% respectively.  相似文献   

中国中、东部典型样区不同发展水平下土壤与土地利用多样性的对比分析(英文)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

段金龙  张学雷 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(6):1101-1116

Two typical provincial capitals (Nanjing and Zhengzhou) and two counties (Rugao and Yuanyang) in east (Jiangsu Province) and central (Henan Province) China were chosen respectively as the developed and less developed comparative cases for pedodiversity and land use diversity correlative analysis by borrowing the recently better developed pedodiversity methodology. Land use classification was worked out using remote sensing images in three different periods (1986-1988, 2000-2001 and 2004-2006) for these studied case areas before the calculation of the constituent diversity index and spatial distribution diversity index modified after Shannon entropy in 2 km×2 km grid scale of the soil and land use pattern were conducted and then a connection index was proposed to evaluate the relationship between soil and land use diversity. Results show that during the years from 1986 to 2006, the composition and spatial distribution of regional land use pattern had changed greatly. The agricultural land area of all the studied case areas decreased obviously in which Nanjing has the highest decrement of 895.98 km 2 mainly into urban use while the other land use type area changes show the same trend. The connection index of four typical soil family types and typical urban land use types, i.e., urban construction land, transportation land and industrial and mining area all increased in this period. In the studied case areas, there is the highest soil constituent diversity in Zhengzhou at 0.779 while the simplest soil constituent diversity in Rugao at 0.582. Meanwhile we have higher land use diversity in the more urbanized Jiangsu Province than Henan Province, Nanjing is ranking the first that has been getting higher and higher in the three periods at 0.366 in 1986-1988, 0.483 in 2000-2001 and 0.545 in 2004-2006. Finally, the connection index figures to evaluate the relationship between soil and land use diversity of the studied areas were compared to show the similar phenomenon that this figure grows fastest in Nanjing followed by Zhengzhou and other places.  相似文献   

土地生态安全资源型关键地段识别——以黄河三角洲惠民县为例     

吴未  路平山  刘莉 《地理与地理信息科学》2012,28(1):71-74

资源型关键地段对于维护和控制区域土地生态系统安全具有关键性作用。通过构建一套资源型关键地段识别指标体系,在以行政区为基本识别单元的基础上,识别出行政单元内地类斑块尺度的资源型关键地段。将惠民县划分为6类地域,即关键地段、关键地段保护区、一般地段、干扰地段、干扰区及交汇区,分别占全县总面积的6.39%、19.70%、50.61%、7.93%、15.37%和6.89%。资源型关键地段所占比重小,反映出地区整体生态环境水平较低;一般地段基本以耕地为主,具有随季节交替变化、物种单一、稳定性差等特点;交汇区具有保护需求强烈和受干扰程度明显的双重特性,在现实土地利用与管理过程中需得到高度重视。  相似文献   

广东省农村居民点整理优先性评价与分区   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周飞  陈士银  吴明发  吴雪彪 《地理与地理信息科学》2012,28(1):75-78,93

农村居民点整理优先性评价与分区是编制农村居民点整理规划的一项基础性工作。该文以广东省为研究区域,通过构建农村居民点整理优先性评价指标体系,综合采用层次分析法与熵值法确定指标权重,对广东省20个地市农村居民点整理优先性进行评价与分区。结果表明:广东省农村居民点整理优先性差异显著,优先性指数介于0.1271～0.7770,广州、佛山和中山为优先整理区,珠海、汕头、惠州和东莞为重点整理区,梅州、江门、湛江、茂名、肇庆、潮州和云浮为适度整理区,韶关、河源、汕尾、阳江、清远和揭阳为生态型整理区。最后根据各分区实际情况,提出了相应的整理策略。  相似文献   

河南省建设用地扩张及其驱动力分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吕可文  苗长虹  安乾 《地理与地理信息科学》2012,28(4):69-74

通过对1996—2008年河南省建设用地扩张及驱动力分析,得出以下结论:1)河南省建设用地扩张十分迅速,尤其是随着中原崛起、中原城市群战略的提出及逐步实施,建设用地扩张速度更快,并且城镇用地、独立工矿用地和交通用地的增加是其重要原因;2)建设用地结构的信息熵指数逐渐增大,土地职能类型逐渐多样化,土地利用结构趋于均衡,并且建设用地的效益也在不断提高;3)建设用地扩张与经济增长、工业化、人口增长、城镇化以及由此而引发的基建需求具有很强的相关性;4)与全国和其他区域相比,驱动河南省建设用地扩张的主要力量具有特殊性,快速城镇化进程以及经济社会发展引发的基础设施需求是建设用地扩张的主要驱动力,而经济增长、人口增长及工业化是建设用地扩张的一般驱动力;5)经济发展水平高和城镇化进程快的中原城市群地区,特别是郑州、洛阳、新乡、焦作等地市是建设用地扩张的主要空间。  相似文献